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Artefacts
You’ll find here captivating stories about dishonest archaeologists who attempted to sell valuable artifacts for personal gain. You can also explore a rich collection of extraordinary artifacts discovered across Europe including Brooch-Pins, copper axe heads, pieces of Trojan Armor, Medieval Hauberks. Roman, Viking and Anglo-Saxon coins. Saxon crosses as well as Victorian gold rings, Medieval bishops’ rings, Tudor Love Rings and many more. It’s a fascinating journey through history, filled with treasures and the mysteries of ancient civilizations.
Theft of Historic Vases by Archaeologist
James Vessey, a former archaeologist, stole three 17th-century Bellarmine vases during a 2008 excavation in Bath and attempted to sell them on eBay. He was caught after a fellow archaeologist spotted the items online, leading to a police raid on his Oxfordshire narrowboat home. Vessey, who had a prior conviction for similar thefts, received a four-month suspended sentence and 270 hours of community service.
The vases, traditionally used to ward off witchcraft and originating from Cologne, Germany, were returned to the Roman Baths Museum after examination. Museum manager Stephen Clews emphasized their importance in understanding medieval Bath’s history. (read more)
Historic Theft Shakes British Museum
Dr Peter Higgs, a senior curator at the British Museum, was dismissed after over 1,800 artefacts were found missing, stolen, or damaged. Many of the items, including ancient gems and jewellery, were allegedly sold on eBay using false identities and PayPal.
The High Court ordered Higgs to return any stolen items within four weeks, though he denies the accusations and has not been criminally charged. Investigations revealed that some artefacts were recovered in the U.S. and Germany, with help from the FBI and collectors who unknowingly purchased them. The scandal has shaken the museum world and led to major reforms in collection security and oversight. (read more)
The Lough Kinale Book Shrine - Co. Longford
Discovered in 1986 beneath the waters near a crannóg (lake-dwelling) in Lough Kinale, Co. Longford, this ornate 9th-century shrine is the earliest and largest of Ireland’s surviving book shrines.
Designed to enshrine a sacred manuscript, it features tinned bronze plates, a cast copper-alloy cross with amber studs marking Christ’s wounds, and richly decorated zoomorphic and geometric motifs. (read more)
The Seal of Roberd - England
One of Moyse’s Hall Museum’s most significant acquisitions of 2023 is a silver medieval seal matrix, discovered in Suffolk and declared treasure through the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Measuring approximately 22 mm in height and weighing 22.29 grams. It is a finely crafted and unusually substantial example.
The seal features a swan surrounded by fleur-de-lis and bears the inscription IE SVY LE CIN ROBERD, now interpreted as a clever pun meaning “I am the swan/sign of Roberd.” Experts believe it may have belonged to Robert Swann of Saxmundham, a 14th-century figure. Its rarity, symbolism, and linguistic play make it a valuable glimpse into medieval identity, and research into its origins continues. (read more)
The Ardshanbally Brooch Pin - Co. Limerick
In July 2024, archaeologist Jimmy Dobson uncovered a beautifully preserved 9th-century bronze brooch-pin at Ardshanbally, part of the Foynes to Limerick Road Project. The site lies near Adare, Co. Limerick, in a rich early medieval landscape with ringforts and historic towns.
The Brooch-Pin made of cast bronze (copper, tin, lead), with blue glass studs and amber insets. Features zoomorphic designs and ribbon interlace patterns. Associated textile fibres hint at clothing it once adorned.
Conservators cleaned and stabilized the brooch using alcohol swabs, microscopes, and treatments to halt corrosion. It was then sealed and prepped for exhibition. (read more)
A copper axe head - Co. Dublin
On 30 March 2025, which fell on Mother's Day, a copper axe head from the Early Bronze Age was discovered. The artifact was found on a hill between Bohernabreena Cemetery and the ruins of Carthy's Castle.
The axe head is believed to date back over 4,000 years, offering a rare glimpse into prehistoric craftsmanship in the Dublin Mountains. Archaeologists noted its excellent preservation, suggesting it may have been a ceremonial object rather than a utilitarian tool. (Map)
Trojan Armor Found - Czech Republic
An amateur metal detectorist in the Czech Republic discovered a collection of bronze artifacts in 2023, including a folded piece of metal later identified as ancient armor. After two years of analysis, experts confirmed it was a 3,200-year-old chest plate likely worn by an elite warrior during the Trojan War. Only privileged fighters had access to bronze armor, making this an extremely rare find.
The ornamentation revealed through 3D scanning and microscopy helped confirm its purpose and craftsmanship. This is just the second known piece of bronze armor ever found in the Czech Republic. (read more)
Medieval Hauberk Discovered - Co. Longford
A hauberk dating back to around 1172 was discovered in County Longford. It had been stored in a shed until its finder saw a replica at a Norman heritage event. The artefact was handed over to Granard Knights & Conquests and will go to the National Museum of Ireland.
Experts believe it may be linked to Richard De Tuite and the motte castle built in 1199. Its intact condition makes it a rare and exciting find during Heritage Week. (read more)
The Largest Roman Coin Hoard - Spain
In 2016, construction workers in Tomares, Spain uncovered 19 Roman amphorae filled with coins, sparking international attention. Six years later, researchers confirmed the stash held around 53,000 coins, minted between 294 and 311 AD. The treasure was buried beneath a Roman villa’s portico, likely during the 4th century.
Experts analyzed nearly 6,000 coins to understand their origin and purpose. The amphorae, originally used for oil, were stored in a hidden granary that was later dismantled, leaving the treasure untouched for centuries. (read more)
Mystery of Buried Roman Coins - England
A hoard of 1,368 Roman coins, mostly silver denarii, was discovered in Worcestershire, England, buried around A.D. 55 during Emperor Nero’s reign. The coins span minting dates from 157 B.C. to A.D. 55, with one rare gold coin from the local Dobunni tribe. Experts believe the coins likely arrived via the Roman army and represented a significant fortune at the time.
The reason for their burial remains unknown, though one theory suggests they were savings from a wealthy farmer supplying grain and livestock to Roman forces. Nero’s reign was marked by turmoil, including rebellion, murder, and eventual suicide. (read more)
15th Century coin hoard - Scotland
Two metal detectorists have unearthed a hoard of 15th Century coins in the Scottish Borders. Keith Young and Lisa Stephenson discovered 30 gold and silver coins in close proximity in the Cappercleuch area which is near St Mary's Loch.
The coins are a mix of Scottish and English coins, comprising English silver groats minted by Henry V (1413-1422) to Edward IV (1461-1483), and Scottish gold demy and half-demys of James I (1406-1437) and James II (1437-1460). (read more)
Viking Coin Hoard Found on Isle of Man - United Kingdom
A hoard of 36 Viking Age silver coins, minted between 1000 and 1065 C.E., was discovered on the Isle of Man by two metal detectorists. The coins, declared official treasure, were minted in cities across England and Ireland, including York, London, and Dublin. Most date to the reign of Edward the Confessor, with others from the time of Viking ruler Canute and Irish king Sihtric Silkbeard.
Experts believe the hoard was assembled in stages and likely abandoned before 1070 C.E. The find sheds light on the Isle of Man’s central role in Viking trade and settlement. (read more)
Coin Hoard Discovered in Bunnik - Netherlands
A rare hoard of 44 British gold coins bearing the name of Celtic king Cunobelinus was discovered in a Dutch field alongside 360 Roman coins. Archaeologists believe the coins were spoils of war from the Roman conquest of Britain around AD43.
The hoard, buried in a shallow pit, likely belonged to a Roman soldier and represents about 11 years of military wages. Some coins were posthumous issues from Cunobelinus’s successors, Togodumnus and Caratacus. The find includes Roman coins dating from 200 BC to AD47, now displayed at the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities. (read more)
Rare 7th Century Anglo-Saxon Coin - England
A tiny gold coin dating from AD 640–660 was discovered in a field near Norwich and is believed to be the oldest Anglo-Saxon coin found in East Anglia. The coin features a male figure holding a Christian cross above a valknut, a pagan symbol linked to the Norse god Odin.
Experts say the design reflects a transitional period between paganism and Christianity. Coin specialist Adrian Marsden called it a “massively significant” find and noted it’s the first of its kind ever seen. Norwich Castle Museum hopes to acquire the coin for its collection. (read more)
Historic Find in Garden - Scotland
Craig Smith, a man from Linlithgow, Scotland, discovered a 700-year-old gold coin while repairing a fence in his garden. Experts identified it as a William I of Guelders gulden, dating back to 1379.
The coin is one of only three ever found in Scotland and may be worth around £1,500. William I was a notable European nobleman known for his military campaigns and alliances. The artifact has been handed over to Treasure Trove Scotland for preservation. (read more)
€2M Coin Hoard Found in Wall - France
A hidden stash of around 1,000 historic gold coins worth €2 million was discovered in the wall of a house in Castillonnès, southwestern France. The coins, spanning from ancient Greece to the 19th century, were collected over a lifetime by Paul Narce, a reclusive local resident. After Narce’s death in August 2024, the trove was found behind a picture in a storage room by a notary managing his estate.
Among the collection were ten pouches of “Napoléons” and a rare Louis XVI coin valued at up to €3,500. Experts praised the quality and scope of the collection, now being sold in Paris. (read more)
Rare Henry III Coin Found in Devon - England
Michael Leigh-Mallory discovered a rare Henry III gold coin from 1257 in a Devon field during his first metal detecting outing in over a decade. The coin, found just 4 inches deep, is the first of its kind unearthed in 260 years and one of only eight known to exist. It features Henry III on the throne and a cross with roses on the reverse.
The coin fetched £540,000 at auction, with the buyer planning to display it in a UK museum. Leigh-Mallory said the historical significance of the find far outweighed its monetary value. (read more)
Roman Gold Coin Hoard - Luxembourg
Archaeologists in Luxembourg uncovered 141 Roman gold coins dating back 1,600 years at a site in Holzthum. The coins feature nine emperors from the fourth and fifth centuries, including the rare depiction of Eugenius, a short-lived usurper.
Excavations began after amateur detectorists found coins in 2019, with professionals continuing the dig through 2024. Due to leftover World War II munitions, the Army Mine Action Service assisted in the excavation. The coins, mostly solidi, are valued at €308,600 and were found near remains of a Roman fortress. (read more)
First Viking Silver Coin - England
A rare silver penny minted by Viking ruler Guthrum was discovered by detectorist Malcolm Weale in eastern England. The coin, dating to the ninth century, is the first known silver currency issued by a Viking in Britain. It was unveiled at the British Museum’s annual treasure launch, showcasing finds from 2023 and 2024.
Weale described the discovery as “life-changing” after decades of metal detecting. The coin was displayed alongside other remarkable artifacts, including ancient tools and jewelry. (read more)
Roman Coin Hoard Found in Leicestershire Field - England
David Dunn, a metal detectorist from Leicestershire, discovered a hoard of 50 Roman coins in a local pasture. The coins, dating to the late 3rd century, include Antoninianus pieces from emperors like Carausius, Allectus, Diocletian, and Maximian.
Dunn, who has been detecting for just two years, described the find as “once-in-a-lifetime.” The hoard will be auctioned in February 2025 for an estimated £1,200–£1,500. Dunn plans to give most of the proceeds to the farmer who helped uncover the coins. (read more)
Galloway Hoard on Display - Scotland
The Galloway Hoard, the richest Viking-age treasure ever found in Britain or Ireland, is now on display at the National Museum of Scotland. Discovered in 2014 by Derek McLennan in Dumfries and Galloway, the hoard includes over 100 items such as gold jewelry, silver ingots, and a rare Anglo-Saxon cross. Buried around 900 AD, the collection also contains preserved textiles like wool, linen, and Scotland’s earliest silk.
Extensive conservation has revealed intricate details and unexpected artifacts, transforming understanding of Viking-era Scotland. The free exhibition showcases ongoing archaeological discoveries and Scotland’s global connections during the Viking period. (read more)
Mooghaun North Hoard - Co. Clare
The Mooghaun North Hoard, discovered in 1854 near Newmarket-on-Fergus, County Clare, is one of the largest Bronze Age gold finds in Northern or Western Europe. Workers building the West Clare Railway uncovered a stone chamber containing over 150 gold objects.
Sadly, most of the treasure was melted down for bullion, with only 29 pieces surviving. These include 23 crescent-shaped bracelets and six neck collars, now housed in the National Museum of Ireland and the British Museum. The hoard originally weighed over 5 kg and featured bracelets, collars, torcs, and other items. Some pieces were copied before their destruction, preserving their designs. (read more)
Bronze Age Gold Dress Fastener - Co. Roscommon
This Late Bronze Age gold dress fastener, or fibula, dates from around 900–700 BC and was discovered in 1819 at Castlekelly, County Roscommon. It was found five feet deep in gravel beneath layers of turf and was initially thought to be made of brass. The artifact consists of two large, cup-shaped discs joined by a hollow, drawer-handle-like staple, measuring 11 inches in length and weighing nearly 17 ounces.
The internal surfaces show signs of hammering, and the edges are decorated with deeply grooved fluting. Each disc is 5 inches in diameter, with ornate detailing around the neck of the handle. William R. Wilde catalogued and illustrated the piece, calling it the largest known example of a mammillary fibula. (read more)
Broighter Gold Hoard - Co. Londonderry
The Broighter Gold hoard was discovered in February 1896 near Lough Foyle, close to Limavady in County Londonderry. It was found by ploughmen Thomas Nicholl and James Morrow while working for Joseph L. Gibson. The treasure dates to the 1st century BC and was buried about 36 cm deep.
Among the artefacts is a miniature gold boat measuring 18.4 cm by 7.6 cm and weighing 85 g. The hoard also includes a gold torc, 19 cm in diameter, with buffer terminals and a mortice-and-tenon fastening. A gold bowl, 8.9 cm wide and 5.1 cm deep, weighs over 28 g. Finally, there are chain necklaces 39.6 cm long, crafted with triple chains. (read more)
A medieval figure of John the Baptist - England
A medieval figure of John the Baptist found in Essex. The saint is shown not in his usual attribute of a camel skin, but in the robes of a prophet. He gestures with his right hand to a salver, which he holds in his left. This was originally designed to carry a lamb, signifying the Lamb of God. A scroll issues from the Saint’s left hand and is inscribed with the words: ECCE +ANGUS+DEI (Behold, the Lamb of God).
The figure stands on a small plinth with a finished base. It is designed to be seen in the round and on its back there is a loop for attachment to an object. It would probably have been entirely enamelled, but no traces of enamel survive on the figure. The figure is gold and dates from the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century. Dimensions: height 33 mm, width 11 mm, depth 10 mm. (read more)
Anglo-Saxon Gold Raven and Ring - England
Metal detectorists in southwest England uncovered two stunning Anglo-Saxon gold-and-garnet artifacts: a ring and a raven's head. The raven's head features a garnet eye, intricate gold detailing, and may have once adorned a drinking horn. Ravens were symbolic in Norse mythology, often linked to Odin, though the exact meaning of this piece remains unclear.
The finds are undergoing cleaning and evaluation at the British Museum under the U.K.'s Treasure Act. Discoverers Paul Gould and Chris Phillips documented their emotional journey and shared it with the public. (read more)
Engraved silver thimble - Netherlands
In the sixteenth century, bridegrooms often gave their brides richly decorated household objects as wedding presents. The burgomaster of Flushing, Ingel Leunissen, gave this silver thimble to Sara van Reigersberg when they were married on 20 November 1594. The image on the top of the thimble, two clasped hands surmounted by a heart, refers to the bond of marriage.
Such symbolic imagery was common in Renaissance Europe, where everyday objects were often imbued with personal and emotional meaning. This thimble not only served a practical purpose but also acted as a lasting token of affection and marital commitment. (read more)
Saxon Cross Found in Leeds - England
A Saxon cross pendant, estimated to be around 1,200 years old was discovered in a field in Leeds, England. Made of solid silver and covered with gold leaf, the intricately designed pendant likely belonged to a person of high status, possibly a church official.
Despite damage, one arm broken and the central stone missing - it remains a remarkable example of early medieval craftsmanship. (read more)
Medieval gold brooch - England
The medieval gold brooch was discovered in Deopham, near Wymondham, Norfolk, by a metal detectorist in 2024. Dating back to the 13th or 14th century, the brooch is made of pure gold, weighs 1.5g, and features an enigmatic inscription believed to offer magical protection.
Dr Helen Geake, Norfolk’s finds liaison officer, highlighted it as one of the year’s most captivating finds, noting its “gorgeous buttery” hue and mysterious motto. The inscription may have been a personal code or a spiritual charm, possibly meant to be understood only by divine beings. Now officially declared treasure, the brooch will remain in Norfolk as part of a museum collection. (read more)
Marlborough Ring Brooch - Co. Dublin
This 13th-14th century ring brooch was discovered on Marlborough Street, Dublin, and is now part of the museum’s collection. Among the most delicate medieval artefacts at the National Museum of Ireland - Archaeology are ring brooches worn between the 12th and 15th centuries. These brooches, crafted from gold, silver, or base metals, they often carried inscriptions in Latin or French expressing love, faith, or protection. Many were found in Anglo-Norman regions of Ireland, though some emerged from Gaelic sites or by chance, like the 2017 Kerry beach discovery.
One brooch reads Par Amur Fin Sui Dune (“I am a Gift for Fine Love”), while another bears Amor Vincit Omnia (“Love Conquers All”). These brooches reflect medieval ideals of chivalry, status, and romantic devotion. (read more)
Golden Heart of the Tudors - England
A heart shaped gold pendant linked to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, discovered in Warwickshire in 2019 by a metal detectorist is made of 24-carat gold and weighs approximately 317 grams. Adorned with Tudor roses, a pomegranate bush, and the initials "H" and "K," it likely dates to the early years of their marriage, around 1520. Despite its rich symbolism, experts believe it was hastily made, suggesting it may have been a prize for a courtly event like a joust.
Scientific analysis confirmed its Tudor-era origins, with black enamel indicating pre-1526 craftsmanship. The pendant is considered a nationally significant find and is now housed at the British Museum. (read more)
Roman padlock discovered - Germany
A 1,600 year old miniature Roman padlock was discovered in Westphalia, Germany, by metal detectorist Constantin Fried. Measuring just over a centimeter, the lock is unique in Europe and likely dates to the third or fourth century. CT scans revealed a complex internal mechanism, including a spring and bolt, showcasing Roman craftsmanship.
Researchers believe it may have secured a jewelry box and indicates trade between Rome and northern Germany. A replica was created to study its design, raising questions about the rarity of such miniatures. (read more)
The Bourgaud pocket sundial - United States
The Bourgaud pocket sundial, crafted in Nantes, France between 1660 and 1675, is a richly decorated timekeeping device with adjustable features for different latitudes. It was reportedly discovered in 1860 by Dr. Elisha Cannon while plowing a field in Montezuma, Indiana a curious find given its European origins. The sundial includes a bird shaped gnomon, a lunar volvelle, and bilingual compass markings, suggesting it may have traveled through French colonial territories.
Its journey to Indiana remains a mystery, though its presence aligns with historical French activity in the region. Acquired by the Smithsonian in the 1960s, the sundial continues to intrigue historians and curators alike. (read more)
The Canterbury portable sundial - England
The Canterbury Portable Sundial, also known as St Dunstan’s watch, was discovered in 1938 during work at Canterbury Cathedral. Dating to the 10th century, it consists of a small silver tablet with a gold peg shaped like an animal’s head, used to cast a shadow for telling time. Its faces are inscribed with Latin month pairs and holes for positioning the peg according to the sun’s angle.
The inscription around the edge reads “Health to my maker, peace to my owner.” Likely owned by someone linked to the Cathedral, it helped follow the Benedictine Rule’s timekeeping practices. (read more)
Post-Medieval portable pocket sundial - England
Were popular in England during the late 17th to 18th centuries, especially among rural communities. These simple timepieces used sunlight passing through a pinhole to cast a beam onto engraved hour markers inside a circular ring. The gnomon, or sliding boss, was adjusted to the correct month using initials like 'I F M A M I' and 'I A S O N D' flanking the slot. Though only accurate to about 10 minutes, they were practical before mechanical clocks became common.
One notable example was recovered from the wreck of the Whydah pirate ship, dating to 1717. Another was found in Lincolnshire alongside late 17th century artifacts. Typically made of copper-alloy, they measured around 40mm in diameter and weighed just under 20 grams. (read more)
Rare Roman Ring Found in Lincolnshire - England
A rare eight-sided Roman ring was discovered in a former drainage ditch in Lincolnshire, England. Experts believe the chunky copper alloy ring was lost between 200 and 410 A.D. by its original owner. Wessex Archaeology described the find as unusual but not entirely without precedent in the UK.
The ring reflects ancient Roman fashion trends and offers insight into everyday life of the time. Archaeologists humorously credited the "careless ancestors" whose mishaps led to modern discoveries. (read more)
Gold Mourning Ring Found Near Salisbury - England
During the club’s annual outing to Salisbury in England, held over the last weekend of August 2025, a remarkable gold mourning ring was discovered. The ring is precisely dated to 10th July 1738, marking the death of Samuel Pitt, whose name is inscribed on the piece.
Although found several miles from where the Pitt family once lived, the ring still holds a modern-day connection to their lineage, making the find both historically and personally significant. (read more)
300 Year Old Lovers’ Ring Found in Lancashire - England
A 300 year old gold posy ring inscribed with “present my affection” was discovered near Whittington Hall in Lancashire, England. The ring, dating between 1650 and 1750, was likely exchanged between lovers as a romantic token.
It was reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme and is now housed at the Lancaster City Museum. Whittington Hall, a historic estate built in the 1830s, inspired the search due to its rich heritage. The ring’s inscription reflects timeless expressions of love across centuries. (read more)
Lost Victorian Ring Found - Africa
A gold mourning ring commemorating Scottish geologist Hugh Miller was found on a beach in Gordon’s Bay, South Africa. The 18-carat ring, engraved with Miller’s birth and death dates, likely belonged to his daughter Harriet, who emigrated to Australia after his death in 1856.
It was discovered in June 2022 by metal detectorist Cornell Swart, who sensed its importance immediately. The ring has since been donated to Hugh Miller’s Birthplace Cottage & Museum in Cromarty, Scotland. How it ended up on an African beach remains a mystery. (read more)
A rare Medieval bishop's ring - England
A rare Medieval bishop's ring was found in 2019 by retired firefighter Mark Sell in a field in Shipdham, Norfolk. The gold ring features a hexagonal sapphire, two emeralds, and two garnets. Sell discovered it after a faint signal from his metal detector led him to dig about nine inches into the soil. He was stunned to find the jewelled ring intact and in pristine condition.
The ring was reported and examined by the county’s Finds Liaison Officer. Jewellery expert Laura Smith said its design dates it to the late 12th or early 13th century and links it to the bishopric. After being displayed at the British Museum, it was sold at auction for £19,000. (read more)
Roman Relics Found on Irish Shore - Co. Down
In 2015, retired civil servant Brian Murray discovered two ornate Roman gold rings and a silver buckle on Murlough beach in Co Down. The artefacts, dating to the 4th or 5th century AD, were officially declared treasure by a Belfast coroner’s court.
Their presence in Ireland where the Romans never fully invaded has sparked fresh debate about Roman contact with the island. Experts suggest the items may have come from a shipwreck, a burial at sea, or a ritual offering. The exact location of the find is disputed between the Crown estate and the National Trust. (read more)
The Tudor Love Ring - England
A 15th-century Tudor gold "love ring" was discovered by amateur metal detectorist Lee Rossiter near Green Hammerton, North Yorkshire, on 19 April 2015. The ring features a ruby and emerald set in a flower-shaped design, and is engraved in Medieval French with "ne mem - bon", followed by a heart symbol.
It was sold privately to an antique dealer for a five-figure sum, though the exact amount was not disclosed. Local museums were unfortunately unable to raise the funds needed to purchase the ring. (read more)
The Lady Brook Medieval diamond ring - England
A 69-year-old metal detectorist named David Board discovered a medieval diamond wedding ring near Thorncombe, Dorset, during a field search in 2019. Initially mistaken for scrap metal, the ring turned out to be in almost perfect condition, featuring a gold hoop of two entwined bands and an inverted diamond. Inside, it bears a French inscription: “Ieo vos tien foi tenes le moy” - meaning “I hold your faith, hold mine.”
Experts believe it was the wedding ring of Lady Joan Brook, given to her by Sir Thomas Brook in 1388. Their marriage brought significant wealth to the Brook family, as Joan was the widow of a wealthy Bristol merchant. The ring reflects medieval ideals of chivalry and courtly love. It was auctioned on 29 November 2022 and was sold for £38,000. (read more)
14th Century Sapphire Ring - Slovakia
A 700 year old gold ring discovered in Slovakia’s Pustý hrad Castle features a rare reddish-purple sapphire from Sri Lanka. Originally found by a treasure hunter in 2001, the ring was studied by archaeologists in 2023.
Made around 1300, it includes lion imagery symbolizing strength, royalty, and Christian themes. Experts believe it likely belonged to a bishop and served as a ring of office. Its exotic gemstone highlights the reach of medieval trade between Europe and Asia. (read more)
Sherwood Forest’s Lost Sapphire - England
A rare 15th-century sapphire ring, discovered in 2016 near historic Sherwood Forest where Robin Hood is said to have roamed, was sold for £30,000 at Christie's on 27 November 2019. Found at Kirton, the gold-mounted ring features engravings of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and the Infant Christ.
Nottinghamshire archaeologist Emily Gillott suggests it belonged to someone of high status, perhaps a visiting bishop. The sapphire likely originated from Ceylon, Burma or Kashmir, having traveled via trade routes to European cities like Genoa or Venice. Such a gem was believed to ward off poverty, envy, and witchcraft while protecting chastity and comforting the heart. Under treasure laws, the finder and landowner split the proceeds. Sherwood Forest, once vast, now spans just 375 hectares. (read more)
History
These stories and historical records reveal intriguing and mysterious aspects of Ireland’s past. You’ll learn about the 1931 discovery of an IRA arms dump near the Owendoher River in Killakee, and the legend of Princess Scotia, an Egyptian royal said to be buried near Tralee. There’s the tale of the 1672 Butcher’s Token fraud in Dublin, and the rare 1933 British penny worth £100,000, believed to lie beneath the foundation of a demolished church in London.
You’ll discover why barnyard animals appeared on Irish coins in 1928, and read about the golden crown unearthed in Glenasmole in 1788. The infamous 1907 theft of the Irish Crown Jewels remains unsolved to this day, while the Wicklow Gold Rush of 1795 drew crowds to the Goldmines River and even caught the attention of King George IV. Each account adds depth to Ireland’s cultural and numismatic heritage and there are many more fascinating stories well worth your attention, each offering a unique glimpse into Ireland’s rich and layered history.
Killakee Arms Dump - Co. Dublin
The Killakee house was demolished in 1941, and the subsequent history of the Massy Estate is dark and complex but well covered in the history books.
The estate was the subject of a raid in 1931, when an IRA arms dump was found by the Gardai beside the Owendoher River. The arms cache was booby-trapped, and held a tent, bedding, tinned food, and a supply of rifles, revolvers and explosives. (read more) (book)
Massy's Estate: Hidden Treasures - Co. Dublin
One of our readers decided to share some fascinating discoveries made while walking through Massy's Estate. Among the undergrowth, he found several military badges dating back to World War II, hinting at the area's hidden history. Even more astonishing were the old coins he uncovered, some from the late 18th century, worn but still legible.
His collection also included numerous silver sixpence and shilling coins, glinting with age and character. These findings offer a glimpse into the past and remind us that Massy's Estate holds more than just natural beauty, it’s a quiet keeper of forgotten stories. (Map)
Echoes of the old Farm - Co. Dublin
Fields that once hosted old farms can be treasure troves for detectorists and history enthusiasts alike. One of our readers recently shared photos of his fascinating finds, which I’m pleased to publish here. Among them are buttons, crosses, medallions, and silver and copper coins dating back to the early 19th century.
He also uncovered lead toys and everyday household items that offer a glimpse into rural life from generations past. These discoveries remind us how much history still lies hidden beneath our feet.
Infamous Butcher’s Token 1672 - Co. Dublin
In 1672, Dublin was facing a shortage of small change. To solve this, the city allowed merchants to issue their own tokens. Mic Wilson, a butcher, was granted permission to mint halfpenny tokens bearing his name and the Butcher’s Arms on the obverse, and St. George slaying the dragon on the reverse.
But Wilson had a cunning plan. He secretly counterfeited his own tokens producing far more than he was authorized to. When people tried to redeem them, he claimed he wasn’t responsible for the fake ones.
Since he had cleverly made the counterfeits himself, no one could prove the fraud, and he avoided liability. It’s estimated that for every genuine token, ten or more counterfeits were in circulation. The city of Dublin may have lost nearly £1,000, a huge sum at the time.
£100K Coin Buried in London
The 1933 British penny is one of the rarest coins in UK history, valued at around £100,000. It was minted in extremely limited numbers for ceremonial purposes, including placement beneath buildings during foundation ceremonies.
One such coin is believed to lie beneath the cornerstone of the former Church of St. Cross in London. Although the church was demolished, the foundation stone and the coin may still be buried underground. Its rarity and historical significance have made it a prized item among collectors. (read more)
How Animals Ended Up on Irish Coins
Ireland’s first independent coinage, launched in 1928, featured Barnyard animals like a horse, pig, and salmon. English artist Percy Metcalfe won the closed design competition, impressing W.B. Yeats’s committee with his classical style.
The coins avoided portraits of living people, used Gaelic inscriptions, and displayed the Irish harp on one side. The animal theme was inspired by ancient Greek coins and meant to reflect Ireland’s agricultural heritage. Public reaction was mixed some praised the artistry, while critics like Maud Gonne saw it as too English. (read more)
Discovery of a golden crown - Co. Dublin
On 28 June 1788, fifty years before O'Curry visited the area for the Ordnance Survey and noted with interest the location of the moat at Maureen's Brook, the following appeared in Faulk- ner's Dublin Journal: Last week some labourers belonging to Mr Dogherty of Glenasmole were cutting turf when one of them discovered a gold crown at about four feet deep. It is about seven inches in diameter and weighs eleven ounces. It is perhaps the crown of some provincial king, before the introduction of Christianity. There are several figures raised on it but no such thing as a cross.
The Theft of the Irish Crown Jewels - Co. Dublin
The Irish Crown Jewels included a diamond star, badge, and five ornate collars, totalling 394 jewels, largely from Queen Charlotte's collection. Valued today at several million euro, they were stolen from Dublin Castle’s Bedford Tower on 6 July 1907. Their disappearance occurred just before King Edward VII’s visit, when they were to be used in a ceremonial event. The regalia belonged to the Order of St Patrick, not the monarchy, and were overseen by Sir Arthur Vicars, Ulster King of Arms.
Numerous breaches in security were noted, including open doors and an intruder spotted by a cleaner. Suspicions fell on Francis Shackleton and Captain Richard Howard Gorges, though Shackleton was abroad during the theft. Some believe Vicars was scapegoated due to political sensitivities and social scandals. Alternative theories suggest involvement by republican or unionist groups, even connections to the royal family. Many offered help, but the jewels were never found. Vicars lost his position and died in disgrace, while the mystery remains unsolved to this day. (read more)
Ireland’s Greatest Art Robbery - Co. Wicklow
On the night of 1 May 1986, Martin Cahill’s gang broke into Russborough House and stole 18 paintings including Vermeer’s Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid - the only privately owned Vermeer at the time. The artworks were valued at over $45 million, and seven were found the next day in a ditch near the estate. The rest were hidden in a pre-prepared bunker, with rumors suggesting some may still lie buried in the Wicklow Mountains.
The Vermeer was recovered in 1993 by detective Charlie Hill, who posed as an art dealer in Antwerp. After its recovery, a tiny hole in the woman’s eye revealed Vermeer’s use of a 17th-century string-and-pin technique to construct perspective. (read more)
Ireland’s Most Infamous Heists: A Timeline of Crime and Intrigue
From art thefts to high-stakes bank robberies, Ireland has seen its fair share of dramatic heists over the decades. These events not only shocked the public but also revealed the evolving tactics of criminal masterminds across generations.
The saga begins in 1974, when IRA-linked activist Rose Dugdale led a daring raid on Russborough House, stealing 19 priceless paintings, including works by Rubens and Goya. Just over a decade later, in 1986, notorious Dublin gangster Martin Cahill - known as “The General” - struck the same estate, making off with 18 masterpieces, including a Vermeer, in one of Europe’s most audacious art thefts.
By 1995, the focus shifted to cash. A gang executed a military-style raid on the Brinks-Allied depot in Dublin, stealing over £3 million in just ten minutes. In 2001, Limerick saw a dramatic security van robbery, with €1.5 million taken at gunpoint.xxx
The stakes rose in 2004, when the Northern Bank Robbery in Belfast stunned the nation. Using tiger kidnapping tactics, criminals stole £26.5 million - still the largest heist on the island. Five years later, in 2009, a similar method was used in Dublin to steal €7.6 million from the Bank of Ireland.
In 2013, robbers disguised as Gardaí intercepted a cash-in-transit van in Meath, escaping with €500,000. The following year, Michael Flatley’s Cork estate was targeted, and a rare rhino horn worth €200,000 was stolen while the dancer was home.
The crime wave continued in 2015, when thieves used a stolen digger to rip an ATM from a wall in Cavan. By 2024, a new trend emerged: widespread theft of tax and insurance discs from parked cars in Dublin, used for fraudulent registrations.
Gold Rush - Co. Wicklow
In September 1795, a 682g gold nugget was discovered in the River Aughatinavought near Croghan Kinshela Mountain, Co. Wicklow. The find sparked a gold rush, drawing families with sieves and pans to the Goldmines River. The influx grew so large that the Kildare militia was sent to reclaim the area.
News reached London, and by 1820, King George IV visited the site. A local farmer gifted him a nugget he had hoped to sell, but the king simply pocketed it with thanks. (read more)
Massive Gold Nugget Found in Victoria - Australia
In March 2023, an amateur digger in Victoria, Australia discovered a rock containing 2.6 kg of gold using a basic metal detector. The find was valued at around £130,000 and described as a "once-in-a-lifetime" discovery by gold expert Darren Kamp.
Initially thought to be worth about £5,000, the nugget turned out to be the largest Kamp had seen in his 43-year career. The discovery took place in Victoria’s historic goldfields, known for their rich deposits since the 1800s. The finder chose to remain anonymous. (read more)
Fossils: My Discovery by the Dodder River - Co. Dublin
In Dublin, fossils can be found in several locations with exposed sedimentary rocks, such as Howth Head, Portrane, and the coastal areas near Malahide and Portmarnock. Dalkey Quarry and Killiney Beach also offer interesting geological formations where fossils may occasionally be spotted. Urban areas sometimes reveal fossils embedded in building stones or pavements made from fossil-rich limestone. While these places are more commonly known for fossil discoveries, unexpected finds can happen elsewhere. I personally found a fossils in the Dodder River, halfway between Bohernabreena North Car Park and the Bohernabreena Lower Reservoir - a surprising and exciting discovery!
After sharing a photo of the find, Professor of Palaeontology Maria McNamara emailed me back, confirming that "the photo shows a piece of a fossil crinoid in Carbonifeous limestone, ca. 330 million years old." (Map)
Kerry diamonds at Ballyheigue - Co. Kerry
In 1709, Samuel Molyneux described how to find “Kerry diamonds” near Kerry Head by descending a dangerous rocky precipice. These stones, likely amethysts, were once found in abundance and admired for their vivid colors and clarity. His father, William Molyneux, was Ireland’s first scientific weather observer, and Samuel himself recorded weather data before his Kerry tour.
Sir Richard Cox, visiting in 1687, praised the region’s gems, including topazes and aquamarines, as among the finest in Europe. By 1837, seekers still risked their lives, dangling from ropes to extract crystals from cliff crevices. The stones were embedded deep in the rugged rocks of Kerry Head. Today, however, these so-called Kerry diamonds have become rare. Their legacy lives on in folklore and the dramatic beauty of the headland. (read more) (shop)
Marconi’s radio station in Crookhaven - Co. Cork
Guglielmo Marconi arrived in Crookhaven in 1905 to attempt transatlantic wireless communication, erecting a mast at what is now Marconi House. Though the attempt failed, he established a telegraphic office and installed equipment at Fastnet Lighthouse, where Keeper Ryan famously sent the first message to his wife. Crookhaven, once a bustling port for ships crossing the Atlantic, became a key site for maritime communication, with operators relaying messages between ships and Europe.
By 1904, wireless technology had advanced rapidly, allowing communication with multiple ships simultaneously. Eventually, as Marconi succeeded in long-distance transmission, the need for a remote station faded and Crookhaven returned to its quiet coastal roots. (read more)
The story of Princess Scotia. Truth or myth? - Co. Kerry
Irish history records the story about Scota, the daughter of Pharaoh of Egypt who arrived in the southern part of Ireland between 4,000 and 3,500 years ago. She took on the trade route, sailing in search of the new world. She travelled to Spain from the Delta, by means of an Egyptian ship. She settled in the country of Kerry (south-western part of Ireland) and married Milesius and gave him eight sons.
Milesius, an invader from Spain, came to Ireland to conquest the ancient tribes and to take the kingdoms from Tuatha-De-Danaans. MacCuill, Mac Ceacht and Mac Greine fought in a long bloody battle about three miles from Tralee. Not only did the Danaan princes die in the battle of Tralee but also Scota the warrior Queen of the invaders was also killed. It seems that her sons Heremon and Heber were the only surviors of Milesius ruling family and that they divided the country between them. One took the north and the other the south. Then they inevitably quarrelled and Heber was slain.
Scota is buried on the sloped mountains in view of Tralee Bay at a place called Glenscoheen (Scota's Glenn). Irish archaeologists have not yet carried out any investigation on the site, which consists of woodland and natural rocks. The Ordnance Survey of Ireland has shown the actual location of the burial of Scota. (read more)
The Battle of Vinegar Hill - Co. Wexford
The Battle of Vinegar Hill took place on June 21, 1798, in Enniscorthy, County Wexford. The hill served as the main rebel camp and a symbol of resistance. Around 16,000 United Irishmen, armed mostly with pikes and scythes, faced 13,000 British troops under General Gerard Lake.
The battle began at dawn with heavy artillery bombardment. British forces attacked from three sides, aiming to encircle the rebels. Fighting was fierce, especially in the saddle of the hill. The rebels were defeated, with about 1,200 killed. (read more)
Sack of Baltimore - Co. Cork
In the early morning 20 June 1631, the coastal village of Baltimore in Ireland was raided by Barbary pirates. The attackers came from Algiers and were led by Murad Reis, a Dutchman who had converted to Islam. Guided by a local fisherman named John Hackett, the pirates targeted the village’s English settlers.
Over 100 people, including women and children, were captured and taken aboard ships bound for North Africa. The captives were sold into slavery, with many forced to work as galley slaves or domestic servants. Only a handful ever made it back to Ireland. The raid became known as the Sack of Baltimore and left a lasting scar on Irish history. (read more)
Lusitania Tragedy - Co. Cork
The Lusitania left New York on 1 May 1915, bound for Liverpool, but was torpedoed by a German U-boat off the coast of Cork on 7 May, sinking in just 18 minutes and killing 1,201 of the 1,962 people on board. Most survivors and recovered bodies were brought to Cobh, which played a central role in the aftermath.
On 10 May a funeral Mass was held for 150 victims in Cobh’s Old Church Cemetery, where many were laid to rest. Today, glass memorial headstones mark their graves, forming the heart of annual commemorations. Hendrick Verwey of Cobh Tourism describes the tragedy as part of the town’s identity, honored each year with prayers, music, and wreath-laying. (read more)
SS City of Cairo’s Lost Treasure
On 6 November 1942 the SS City of Cairo was sunk by German submarine U-68 while en route from Bombay to England, carrying 122 tons of silver rupees for the UK Treasury. The wreck lay buried 5150m beneath the South Atlantic, about 500 miles off St. Helena, deeper than the Titanic.
In late 2013 Deep Ocean Search recovered the silver valued at £34 million ($50 million), setting a world record for deepest salvage. The attack allowed most of the 302 passengers and crew to escape, with only six lives lost. The recovery effort began in 2011 and concluded in September 2013. Out of the 8 million coins that were recovered from the shipwreck, only 21,993 were saved (0.03%) - the rest were melted down for their silver value.
If you'd like to own a piece of this extraordinary history, you can buy one of the surviving coins from the Dublin Mint Office. These genuine silver rupees, struck over 100 years ago and salvaged from the deepest treasure recovery in history, are available while stocks last. (read more) (shop)
Spanish Armada in Ireland
The Spanish Armada in Ireland refers to the landfall made upon the coast of Ireland in September 1588 of a large portion of the 130-strong fleet sent by Philip II to invade England.
Following its defeat at the naval battle of Gravelines, the Armada had attempted to return home through the North Atlantic, when it was driven from its course by violent storms, toward the west coast of Ireland. The prospect of a Spanish landing alarmed the Dublin government of Queen Elizabeth I, which prescribed harsh measures for the Spanish invaders and any Irish who might assist them.
Up to 24 ships of the Armada were wrecked on a rocky coastline spanning 500 km, from Antrim in the north to Kerry in the south, and the threat to Crown authority was readily defeated. Many of the survivors of the multiple wrecks were put to death, and the remainder fled across the sea to Scotland. It is estimated that some 6,000 members of the fleet perished in Ireland or off its coasts. (read more)
Santa Maria de la Rosa: Armada Wrecks - Co. Kerry
The Santa Maria de la Rosa was a large Mediterranean-built merchant carrack, likely of Venetian or Genoese origin, refitted as a warship for the Spanish Armada of 1588. Commanded by Captain Martin de Villafranca, a Basque, she had already suffered damage near La Coruña before joining the fleet. During the Armada’s retreat around Ireland, she reached Blasket Sound off the southwest coast, seeking shelter behind Great Blasket Island. Tragically, she lost her anchor and struck an underwater reef, sinking instantly.
Only one survivor, a young boy named Giovanni, lived to tell the tale. His testimony provided rare insight into the ship’s crew and final moments. Though the wreck was discovered in 1968, speculation remains about artefacts and treasure possibly removed in secret during the late 1960s. Today, the story of Santa Maria de la Rosa is part of Ireland’s rich Armada legacy, echoing through the waters of Kerry. (read more)
La Trinidad Valencera: Armada Wreck Found - Co. Donegal
In 1971, divers from the City of Derry Sub Aqua Club discovered the wreck of La Trinidad Valencera, a Spanish Armada galleon that sank off Kinnagoe Bay, County Donegal, in 1588. The ship had been part of King Philip II’s fleet and was lost during the Armada’s retreat after its failed invasion of England. Over 400 crew members survived the wreck, but around 300 were later killed by forces loyal to the English crown.
The discovery revealed bronze cannons, anchors, and gun carriage wheels, confirming the vessel’s identity. Fifty years later, the find remains one of Ireland’s most significant underwater archaeological discoveries. (read more)
La Juliana: A Spanish Armada Shipwreck - Co. Sligo
La Juliana was an 860-ton Sicilian merchant vessel launched in 1570 near Barcelona and later requisitioned by King Philip II in 1586 for the Spanish Armada. Armed with 32 guns and carrying around 290 soldiers and 65 crew, she was part of the Levant squadron tasked with invading England.
In September 1588, La Juliana was wrecked off Streedagh Strand, County Sligo, along with two other Armada ships. For centuries, her identity remained uncertain until a 2015 storm revealed a bronze cannon bearing the mark of Genoese gunfounder Gioardi Dorino II and the image of Saint Matrona of Barcelona confirming the wreck as La Juliana beyond doubt. Artifacts from the wreck, including cannons and a gun carriage wheel, are now preserved by the National Museum of Ireland. (read more)
Legend of Baron D'Auburg - Co. Donegal
Just north of Burtonport in County Donegal lies Mullaghderg, a rugged stretch of coastline steeped in Armada lore. According to local tradition, one of the flagships of the Spanish Armada commanded by the enigmatic Baron D'Auburg was wrecked off this point in 1588, during the Armada’s disastrous retreat around Ireland.
The tale goes that the ship was carrying five tons of gold, intended to fund Spain’s military campaign against England. While no definitive archaeological evidence has confirmed the wreck or the treasure, the story has endured for centuries, fueling local legends and diving expeditions.
Informations
These resources offer a wide range of information related to numismatics, history, and exploration. You'll find details about coin shops and dealers in Dublin, such as Lir Coins and The Old Currency Exchange, where you can buy, sell, or get valuations for coins and banknotes. There are also rich online archives covering Irish currency, both coins and paper money as well as reference books and catalogues to help identify and assess your finds.
Practical tips are included, like how to safely remove verdigris from buttons, along with maps highlighting historic sites, movie filming locations, and gold panning spots in Irish rivers. Finally, an AI-generated comparison of metal detectors helps you choose the best equipment for your treasure hunting adventures.
Lir Coins - A Numismatic Gem in the Heart of Dublin
Lir Coins is a charming little shop tucked inside the George's Street Arcade in Dublin, specializing in collectible coins, banknotes, stamps, and postcards. The owner, Najee, is known for his friendly demeanor and deep knowledge of numismatics, often sharing fascinating stories about the items he sells.
Though small in size, the shop boasts a surprisingly diverse selection of Irish and international coins, with hidden gems often found behind the counter. It's easy to miss if you're not looking closely, so keep an eye out while browsing the arcade. Najee typically opens the shop from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., and you can reach him at worldcoins@hotmail.com for inquiries or appointments. (read more)
Discover the Value of Your Euro Coins
Wondering how much your euro coins are worth - whether circulating or commemorative? On ucoin.net, you'll find a comprehensive catalog that lets you check the current market value, weight, and metal composition of each coin.
Commemorative €2 coins, issued by eurozone countries, often fetch higher prices due to their limited mintage and unique designs. It's the perfect resource for collectors who want to explore the details of their collection or discover rare pieces. With clear visuals and detailed data, the site makes coin collecting both informative and exciting. (read more)
Harness Rings Misidentified as Celtic Money
Many simple bronze rings sold as Celtic ring money are likely misidentified, as true Celtic currency was typically made of gold, tin, or potin and featured more complex designs. These rings often resemble coin hoards when found in clusters, but they are more plausibly remnants of ancient harnesses, where organic straps have decayed over time.
Some rings with knobs or lugs were used to separate leather straps and are better understood as functional harness mounts rather than monetary items. Spindle whorls and other post-medieval objects are also frequently mistaken for Celtic ring money. The most credible examples of actual ring money are gold or tin rings from Celtic sites, sometimes shaped like wheels and likely used for trade rather than standardized currency. (read more) (shop)
Colchester Finds Archive
The website Colchester Treasure Hunting Finds Index is a comprehensive archive of artefacts discovered by one of the world’s most successful metal detecting clubs. It features hundreds of categorized pages, each dedicated to specific types of finds from medieval brooches and Roman coins to military buttons and Saxon artefacts. Every entry includes photographs and often detailed descriptions, making it a valuable resource for historians, collectors, and enthusiasts.
The site reflects decades of fieldwork and collaboration, including ties with the Midwest Historical Research Society in the USA. Whether you're researching ancient jewellery or identifying obscure coinage, this index offers a rich visual and historical reference. (read more)
3D views of archaeological artefacts
The Archaeological Dynamic Collections platform features interactive 3D models of selected Swedish artefacts, including flint tools and bronze ornaments. Users can rotate and zoom in on these models while accessing detailed metadata.
The BItFROST site is designed to host 3D representations of Norwegian artefacts, particularly from the Viking Age and medieval periods. Its interface allows filtering by museum, material, and time period. Both platforms contribute to the digital preservation and public accessibility of Europe’s archaeological heritage.
Coin identifications and valuations
Numista is a global platform dedicated to coin and banknote collectors, offering a massive collaborative catalogue covering all countries and historical periods. Users can identify, research, and manage their personal collections online, complete with photos and notes. The site also facilitates swaps between members, helping collectors exchange items and grow their collections efficiently.
A vibrant forum allows users to ask questions, share discoveries, and get help with identification or valuation. Numista regularly features updates on numismatic fairs, museums, and shops, making it a hub for both beginners and seasoned enthusiasts. (read more)
CoinsNB – Online Coin Auctions & Shop
CoinsNB is a professional numismatic platform based in Barcelona, specializing in auctions and direct sales of collectible coins. The site offers a wide range of items, from ancient Roman denarii to modern commemorative issues. Each coin is guaranteed authentic and supported by expert evaluation services, including grading and free preliminary assessments.
Users can participate in regular online auctions or purchase coins directly through the shop section. Overall, CoinsNB combines marketplace convenience with expert guidance, making it a trusted hub for both beginner and advanced collectors. (read more)
The Old Currency Exchange - Irish Coin & Note Dealer
The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist Irish dealer in coins and banknotes, offering services to collectors of all levels from beginners to experts. The site provides educational and entertaining content about Ireland’s monetary history, from Viking-era currencies to the modern Euro. They buy old Irish coinage, leftover foreign currency, and offer valuations for inherited or attic-found collections.
Visitors can explore a wide range of articles categorized by coin type, denomination, historical period, and mint. The site aims to build a complete narrative of Irish numismatics, with regular updates as new discoveries emerge. (read more)
Irish Coinage: A Comprehensive Online Archive
This website is a comprehensive resource on Irish coinage, covering currency used in Ireland from ancient times to the present day. First launched on 16 August 1994, it stands as one of the oldest coin-related sites on the internet. Originally created as a personal HTML learning project, it has since expanded to over 150 pages and includes more than 300 coin images.
The site is now a more extensive reference on Irish coins than many printed books, though it remains only about 30% complete. With an estimated 2,500 hours of work invested and ongoing updates, the creator continues to balance this passion project with other scholarly pursuits like a book on Edward IV. (read more)
Irish Papermoney: A Comprehensive Online Archive
IrishPaperMoney.com is Ireland’s oldest online archive dedicated to paper currency, active since 2000. It showcases hundreds of images of Irish banknotes from around 1800 to 2001, including all known dates of Lavery and Ploughman notes. The site offers over 150 pages of detailed content, covering historical and modern issues, including Northern Ireland’s polymer notes.
A lively forum provides collectors with updates on auctions, valuations, and new discoveries. With ongoing research and frequent updates, it remains one of the most comprehensive resources for Irish banknote enthusiasts. (read more)
Coins of England 2025: Pre-decimal Issues, 60th Edition
This historic reference work for British coins is still the only catalogue to feature every major coin type from Celtic to the Decimal coinage of King Charles III, arranged in chronological order and divided into metals under each reign, then into coinages, denominations and varieties. This Pre-Decimal volume lists all coinage up to decimalisation, with decimal coinage since 1968 is listed in a separate volume, available as an independent publication.
The catalogue includes up-to-date values for every coin, a beginner’s guide to coin collecting, numismatic terms explained and historical information about each British coin, from our earliest (Celtic) coins, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Norman coins, the coins of the Plantagenet Kings, the Houses of Lancaster and York, the Tudors and Stuarts, to the more modern Milled coinage, minted for the first time in 1561 during the reign of Elizabeth I. (read more)
Metal Sewing-Thimbles Found in Britain
Metal Sewing-Thimbles Found in Britain by Brian Read is the first comprehensive reference dedicated to copper-alloy, silver, and mixed-metal sewing thimbles discovered across Britain. It covers domed, ring-type, and newly classified open-top thimbles, including rare and previously undocumented examples.
The book traces their use from circa 1270 through the 19th century, alongside detailed studies of palm-irons and finger guards. Each item is archaeologically illustrated to highlight construction details. This resource is invaluable for metal-detectorists, archaeologists, curators, and collectors seeking to identify and date sewing tools. (read more)
Welcome to Source
Welcome to Source, a rich digital archive dedicated to the local history and heritage of South Dublin County. It offers access to a wide range of materials including artefacts, audio recordings, books, and historical maps. Researchers and history enthusiasts can explore burial records, Irish Revolutionary Period documents, and South Dublin’s military heritage.
The archive also features unique collections such as the Quaker Collection and St. Patrick's Hospital records, alongside exhibitions and ephemera. Whether you're delving into old newspapers or browsing rare pamphlets, Source is a gateway to South Dublin’s vibrant past. (read more)
Soldiers Died in the Great War
"Soldiers Died in the Great War" is a series of volumes published in 1921 by His Majesty's Stationery Office, documenting British Army casualties from World War I. It includes detailed records of over 700,000 soldiers, both officers and other ranks, who lost their lives during the conflict.
Each entry typically lists the soldier’s name, birthplace, residence, enlistment location, rank, regiment, and the date and cause of death. These volumes were originally printed for official use but have since become valuable resources for historians and genealogists. Today, the data is accessible through various online archives and subscription-based genealogy platforms. (read more)
Removing Verdigris from Buttons - Step by Step
For tips on cleaning coins and buttons, check out these helpful guides and button cleaning techniques. (read more)
Mudlarking: Unearthing artefacts along the River Thames
In the 18th century, Georgians embraced extravagant fashion to showcase wealth and status, adorning themselves with ornate accessories like gem-encrusted buckles and glass-stone cufflinks. Mudlarking along the River Thames has uncovered beautifully preserved Georgian artefacts, offering vivid insights into their opulent lifestyle.
Cut glass paste stones, often backed with silver foil for added brilliance, mimicked precious gems and were worn by both aristocrats and the aspiring middle class. These glittering relics reflect not only the elegance of the era but also its social and political currents. (read more)
How to read Sterling Silver Hallmarks
The website is a detailed guide to decoding British sterling silver hallmarks. It explains how to identify the origin, purity, and age of silver items using official symbols and date letters. You’ll find information about assay offices, maker’s marks, and even commemorative stamps for royal events.
It’s especially useful for collectors, antique dealers, or anyone curious about the history behind silver pieces. The site is well-organized and packed with visual examples to help users recognize marks accurately. (read more)
UK Metal Detecting Clubs Directory
This page provides a comprehensive directory of metal detecting clubs across the United Kingdom. It lists clubs by region, offering details such as meeting times, locations, contact information, and links to individual club websites. The site is a valuable resource for enthusiasts looking to join a local group, attend rallies, or connect with fellow detectorists.
Many clubs welcome beginners and provide opportunities for organized digs, historical research, and community engagement. Overall, it serves as a central hub for anyone interested in the hobby of metal detecting in the UK. (read more)
Discover and visit movie locations in Ireland
If you've ever wondered "Where did they film that?" - discover the places where your favourite films were made, all over the world – the filming locations, background details, photos and basic travel info.
A clickable alphabetical list of films made, or partially made, in the Republic of Ireland listed below. Click on each title for the full location details, and, where appropriate, how you can visit and what you can expect to see. (read more)
Discover historic sites in South Dublin
Ever wondered what ancient secrets lie hidden beneath South Dublin’s gentle hills and misty valleys? This map reveals archaeological sites scattered across the region - from prehistoric tombs and Neolithic stone circles to Celtic forts and medieval monastic ruins. Each location is a doorway to the past, echoing with stories of early settlers, warriors, and saints. Let it guide you on a journey through time, where every stop deepens your connection to South Dublin’s rich and layered heritage. (Map)
Discover historic sites in Ireland
Ever wondered what ancient secrets lie hidden beneath Ireland's rolling hills and misty landscapes? This map reveals archaeological sites scattered across the country - from prehistoric tombs and Neolithic stone circles to Celtic forts and medieval monastic ruins. Each location is a doorway to the past, echoing with stories of early settlers, warriors, and saints. Let it guide you on a journey through time, where every stop deepens your connection to the island's rich heritage. (Map)
Gold panning in rivers
Grab your gold pan and head for the rivers - this map highlights locations in Ireland where gold has been discovered! With fresh air, flowing water, and a hint of adventure in every ripple, you might just uncover your very own golden treasure.
Just remember: any finds exceeding 20 flakes or weighing more than 2 grams must be reported to the authorities. Let the hunt begin! (Map)
GSI Open Topographic Data Viewer
GSI Open Topographic Data Viewer is an online platform developed and maintained by Geological Survey Ireland. It offers public access to high-resolution topographic data derived from LiDAR technology. The data is available in raster format, allowing users to explore detailed elevation models and terrain features.
The LiDAR data was collected using laser sensors mounted on aircraft or satellites, producing a dense cloud of elevation points. From this point cloud, digital elevation models (DEMs) are generated on a regular grid with cell sizes of 2 or 5 meters. The data is compatible with a variety of software tools, including open-source options like GDAL and QGIS. (Map)
Locations of sunken vessels
A shipwreck map is a captivating gateway into maritime history. It reveals the final resting places of thousands of vessels—merchant ships, warships, and legendary liners scattered across oceans and coastlines. Such maps allow you to explore famous wrecks near your own region, each with its own tale of tragedy, adventure, or mystery.
Beneath the waves lie stories frozen in time, waiting to be rediscovered by divers, historians, and curious minds. Studying these maps is like tracing the scars of the sea, silent witnesses to storms, battles, and human ambition. (Map)
Ogham Translator
For over 1500 years, the Ogham alphabet has been etched into Ireland’s history literally. Found on more than 300 ancient stone monuments across the country, Ogham was once used by our ancestors to honor loved ones and mark their lands. Today, it lives on as a powerful symbol of Irish identity and heritage.
This online translator offers a modern way to connect with that legacy, allowing you to explore the beauty and mystery of Ogham script and celebrate your roots in a meaningful way. (read more)
Comparison of metal detectors using AI
This table was created using artificial intelligence on 2 May 2025. It includes the metal detector model, the maximum detection depth for a specific coin, the coil size, the price, and the release date of the metal detector.
Metal detectors can detect objects at varying depths based on settings like sensitivity, ground balance, and frequency. These factors greatly affect how deep a target can be found.
Locations
Looking for places you won’t find in any travel guide? Join me in exploring hidden corners of Ireland where nature and history intertwine from breathtaking waterfalls and winding rivers to dramatic rock formations once inhabited by people hundreds, even thousands of years ago.
Each photo is an invitation to step off the beaten path and discover the quiet beauty and timeless stories etched into the land. I include a short description and clear directions for each location - no fluff, just what you need to get there. If you're drawn to silence, space, and the echoes of ancient lives, these places are waiting for you.
The Cunard Portal Tomb - Co. Dublin
The Cunard Portal Tomb is a megalithic structure in the Dublin Mountains, overlooking the Dodder River near Tallaght. Dating back to the Neolithic period (3000-2000 BC).
It features two upright portal stones and a diamond-shaped capstone, which has shifted backward over time. Surrounded by rugged terrain and a small stream, it exudes an ancient, mysterious atmosphere. The photo was taken on 10 June 2025. (Map)
Knockeen Dolmen - Co. Waterford
Knockeen Dolmen is a remarkable Neolithic portal tomb located in Knockeen, County Waterford, Ireland, just a short drive from Tramore. Dating back to around 3500 BC, it features five large upright stones and two massive capstones forming a chamber with a distinctive keyhole-shaped entrance. The structure stands about 3.5 meters high and is considered one of the finest examples of its kind in Ireland.
It may have served spiritual or burial purposes, possibly aligned with lunar or solar events. The dolmen is part of the "Dolmen Drive" tourist trail and is accessible by crossing a field near the ruins of Kilbride Church. (read more)
Ogham stones - Co. Waterford
Ardmore in County Waterford is home to several remarkable Ogham stones, dating back to the 4th century AD. These ancient inscriptions are housed within Ardmore Cathedral and St. Declan’s Oratory, blending Ireland’s pagan and Christian heritage. One stone, known as Lugud’s Leacht, may commemorate St. Declan’s great-grandfather and features the name “Luguid”. Another bears the inscription “AMADU,” meaning “beloved,” and a third is preserved in the National Museum of Ireland.
The stones use the Ogham script - lines and notches carved along stone edges to record names and kinship. Ardmore’s collection offers a powerful glimpse into Ireland’s early language, identity, and spirituality. (read more)
Kilnasaggart Pillar Stone - Co. Armagh
A tall granite pillar marks an Early Christian cemetery along the Slige Midlúachra road from Drogheda to Antrim. Its long Irish inscription records dedication by Ternohc son of Ceran Bic under the patronage of Peter the Apostle, with Ternohc’s death noted around 714–716.
The pillar, dated to about 700, bears three crosses on the south-east face and ten on the north-west. Excavations in the 1960s revealed east–west graves and cross-carved slabs likely used as markers. The site gained its current enclosure in the early 20th century, with a bullaun stone nearby to the west. (read more)
Human Remains Found at Kiltipper Park - Co. Dublin
Human remains were uncovered during construction at Kiltipper Park, Tallaght, Co. Dublin prompting immediate cessation of works and notification of relevant authorities. Archer Heritage Planning Ltd conducted an Archaeological Impact Assessment in May 2025 to evaluate heritage constraints and guide future development.
Excavations revealed five articulated skeletons, multiple concentrations of disarticulated bones, and several likely and possible graves, all suggesting a pre-Christian burial site. Additional archaeological features included post-holes, pits, and a large ditch terminus. Further investigation and post-excavation analysis are recommended before construction resumes. (read more)
Lugmore: Urn full of gold - Co. Dublin
On the summit of the hill directly above the quarries in the townland of Lugmore, there is a well preserved cist grave, now lying open with the cover stones lying beside it. According to Malachi Horan this was known as Kenny’s stone from a man named Kenny who found an urn full of gold in it. Graves of this class belong to the early or middle Bronze Age and would date from about 1,500 B.C. to 2,000 B.C.
A few metres from the cist is a ring barrow cut across from its townland boundary and the part lying in Corbally townland destroyed. This would have belonged to about the same period. This fascinating account is documented in the book All Roads Lead to Tallaght, which offers a rich tapestry of local history and folklore from the area. (read more) (Heran's book PDF) (PL)
The Giant’s Causeway - Co. Antrim
It is made up of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, formed by volcanic activity around 50–60 million years ago during the Paleogene period. The site stretches for roughly 4 miles (6 km) along the Atlantic coast, between Causeway Head and Benbane Head.
Local legend says the columns were built by the giant Finn McCool, who wanted to create a path to Scotland. Today, the Causeway is one of Ireland’s most iconic landmarks, attracting over one million visitors annually for its mix of geology, myth, and breathtaking scenery. (read more)
Powerscourt Waterfall - Co. Wicklow
Powerscourt Waterfall, located just outside the village of Enniskerry in County Wicklow, is the highest waterfall in Ireland, cascading dramatically down 121 meters of rugged granite rock. It's part of the Powerscourt Estate and is a popular destination for nature lovers, families, and photographers alike
The area features a refreshment kiosk, picnic spots, a playground, and a scenic nature trail. The waterfall is especially impressive after heavy rain, when the volume and sound of the water become truly spectacular. Easily accessible by car, it’s about 30 minutes from Dublin and offers ample parking and facilities for visitors. (read more)
The Cunard Waterfall - Co. Dublin
The Cunard Waterfall is a small, picturesque cascade near the Cunard Portal Tomb in the Dublin Mountains. Flowing through rugged terrain, the waterfall adds to the mystical atmosphere of the area, with its gentle stream winding past ancient stones and lush greenery.
It's a peaceful spot, perfect for quiet reflection and enjoying the natural beauty of the Irish landscape. The photo was taken on 10 June 2025.
My Finds
Ever wondered what you might uncover with a metal detector while walking along beaches, parks, and fields? For me, it’s more than just a hobby it’s a journey through time. Every signal is a promise of history, from lost coins and bits of jewelry to everyday objects from decades or even centuries ago.
Below, you’ll see the results of my efforts: small treasures that once held meaning and now quietly tell their stories. Each find brings excitement, curiosity, and the thrill of discovery.
Two silver coins and....
Thanks to the permission I received from the farmer, I decided to go out with my metal detector. It was hard to find some shade, but the day brought many surprises.
I found: 6 pence 1929 Oak leaves (50% silver), 1 Shilling 1940 Bull (75% silver), 5 Shillings Winston Churchill Memorial 1965 (Copper-Nickel), Half penny 1942/1947/1950 (Bronze), One penny 1913 (Bronze).
Treasures from beaches and playgrounds
Jewelry and toys from the photos below can be found in the "Lost items" section.
Cleaning items before and after
